Photoshop :: Converting Scanned-in Analog Image Back To Digital Original

I have a very large piece of artwork in my possession. The artwork was originally drawn in high-resolution on a computer, but a true digital copy of the original is not available to the public.

My copy of the artwork is large enough such that the original pixels can just barely be distinguished by the naked eye. I would like to scan it in at extremely high resolution, or take photos of it (multiple photos of various sections may be necessary for enough resolution). Afterwards, I am wondering if Photoshop, some available filter, or other image-processing program would be able to analyze this ultra-resolution scan and reconstruct a perfect copy of the original digital image?

The idea is that if I can see the original pixels with my eye, Photoshop should be able to likewise deduce all the original pixels of the original digital image, and reconstruct it as such via some algorithm, in the original resolution.