Photoshop :: Beginners Guide :: Understanding Resolution

Nov 10, 2004

UNDERSTANDING RESOLUTION: A beginner's guide

Resolution is responsible for much confusion to beginners in Photoshop. I am providing this guide in hopes to clearing the smoke and answer any questions you may have.

SCREEN RESOLUTION

Before we can get into the 2 most common resolution-related questions, ("How come my images come out smaller when I print them?" and "How come my images come out pixelated when I print them?"), we need to get a grasp of what SCREEN RESOLUTION is.

Your monitor is displaying a certain resolution that you may have commonly heard. Popular ones include "640x480", "1024x768" and "1280x1024". Let's take the latter; this means your monitor is showing 1280 pixels worth of information WIDE by 1024 pixels worth of information HIGH.

IMAGE RESOLUTION

Most web-based images are created with an IMAGE RESOLUTION of 72ppi (Pixels Per Inch). In order to determine the DIMENSION of an image, you merely take it's size and multiply it's resolution. Let's take a 4" x 6" image in Photoshop. To determine it's DIMENSIONS, we do the following:

4" x 72 pixels per inch (ppi) = (4x72) = 288 pixels wide
6" x 72 pixels per inch (ppi) = (6x72) = 432 pixels high
Your 4"x6" @ 72ppi image has a DIMENSION of 288x432 pixels.

UNDERSTANDING CORRELATION BETWEEN OUTPUT AND IMAGE RESOLUTION.

Place that 288x432 px (pixel) image on your monitor screen, which has an OUTPUT RESOLUTION of 1280x1024. The image takes up 288 of the 1280 pixels wide and 432 of the 1024 pixels high. If you change your monitor's OUTPUT RESOLUTION to 640x480, that SAME IMAGE now takes up 288/640 pixels wide and 432 of 480 pixels high. This makes the image LOOK bigger, however it has not changed size or dimensions at all. You've merely changed the amount of information per inch that you are viewing on screen.

ENSURING PROPER VIEWING OF IMAGES

When using Photoshop, make sure your VIEW RATIO is at 1:1 (100% ZOOM FACTOR) A common misbelief is that when you zoom in or out of an image, you are changing it's size/dimension/resolution. This is not true. Understand that you are merely changing how closely you are examining the same image.

WHY DO MY PRINTS COME OUT SMALL?

It's simple math. Your 4"x6" @ 72ppi image is being printed on a printer that outputs at 300 or 600dpi (dots per inch) [side note: Dictate onscreen images as ppi when you refer to their resolution and dictate printed images as dpi when you refer to their resolution]. If we do some math, you'll see why your images come out so small.

4" x 72ppi = 288 pixels wide
6" x 72ppi = 432 pixels high
Print this in a printer that uses 300dpi and we get an image that is:

288 pixels wide / 300 dots per inch* = 0.96" wide
432 pixels wide / 300 dots per inch* = 1.44" high
*Dots/Pixels are interchangable, ie, 1 dpi = 1 ppi.

So that same image you thought would print at 4" x 6", printed at 0.96" x 1.44".

WHY DO MY PRINTS COME OUT PIXELATED/DISTORTED?

For the same reasons it comes out small. The only difference is, that the computer scaled the image to the dimension of the original. (Tried to scale your 0.96" x 1.44" image to the dimension of 4" x 6") This is like trying to get a gallon of water out of a shot glass. The end result of this scaling is a pixelated/distorted image.

SO HOW DO WE FIX IT?

Merely known what the end dimension you want the image to be, and the OUTPUT RESOLUTION of the printer you're using.

1. I know I want an image to be 8.5" x 11"
2. I know my printer prints at 600dpi.

Do the math:

I need a document that is:

8.5 x 600 = 5100 pixels
11 x 600 = 6600 pixels
5100x6600 pixels in Photoshop.

This image will print at your desired dimension on that printer without distortion/pixelation or being shrunk.

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